How do I add a custom column to the order list?

As the orders list is a resource list you can add a custom column like this:
More information on resource lists can be found in the article "How do I extend an existing Resource List?
<?php
namespace Acme\MyModule;
use Aero\Admin\ResourceLists\OrdersResourceList;
use Aero\Common\Providers\ModuleServiceProvider;
class ServiceProvider extends ModuleServiceProvider
{
   public function setup()
   {
       OrdersResourceList::extend(function (OrdersResourceList $list) {
           $list->addColumn('My Column', function ($row) {
               return '#'.$row->reference;
           });
       });
   }
}